Stop Bullying

DEFINITION

What is Bullying?

Bullying is complex and appears in many different forms, but in general it is an action that is carried out deliberately to cause emotional or physical harm to another.  It can be characterized by: 

• An overt action such as hitting, or name calling

• A covert action such as gossiping or harassment over the internet 

The word bullying comes from English, namely from the word bull means a happy bull ducking here and there.  This term was finally taken to describe a destructive action.  In contrast to other countries such as Norway, Finland and Denmark, which call bullying as mobbing or mobbning.  The original term comes from the English language, namely the mob is a group of people who are anonymous and involved in violence.  In Indonesian, etymologically the word bully means bully, someone who annoys weak people.  The term bullying in Indonesian can use disakat (derived from the word sekat) and the perpetrator (bully) is called disakat.  Believing means disturbing, harassing, and hindering others (Wiyani, 2014).

Bullying can be circumstantial in that it only occurs once as a result of a particular situation, or it can be chronic and characteristic of long-term behavior.       

• Verbal abuse

• Written statements or drawings 

• Emotionally or physically threatening actions 

• Physical assault or harm 

• Conduct to purposefully humiliate another  

What are the different forms of bullying? 

• Manipulative bullying - when one child is being controlled and coerced by another student

• Conditional Friendship – when a child is under the impression that a student is their friend, while in reality this student alternates between acting as a friend and acting as a bully

• Exploitative Bullying – when the aspects of a child’s condition or disability are used to bully them

• Cyber Bullying – when the internet, cell phones, or other technological devices are used to intentionally harm or embarrass another individual

When does bullying become harassment?

Bullying can consist of:
The OCR (Office for Civil Rights) and DOJ (Department of Justice) have made the distinction that bullying becomes harassment when certain behaviors – such as verbal abuse, epithets, slurs, graphic or written statements, threats, physical assault, or other conduct that may be physically threatening or humiliating – are directed at a protected class, including race, color, national origin, sex, disability, and religion.

TYPES AND FORMS OF BULLYING

• Physicals Bullying

Physical bullying is the most obvious form of bullying. It occurs when kids use physical actions to gain power and control over their targets. Physical bullies tend to be bigger, stronger, and more aggressive than their peers. Examples of physical bullying include kicking, hitting, punching, slapping, shoving, and other physical attacks.

• Verbal Bullying

Verbal bullying is often very difficult to identify because attacks almost always occur when adults aren’t around. As a result, it is often one person’s word against another’s. Additionally, many adults feel that things kids say don’t impact others significantly. As a result, they usually tell the victim of bullying to “ignore it.” But verbal bullying should be taken seriously.

• Relational Aggression

Relational aggression is a sneaky and insidious type of bullying that often goes unnoticed by parents and teachers. Sometimes referred to as emotional bullying, relational aggression is a type of social manipulation where tweens and teens try to hurt their peers or sabotage their social standing.

• Cyberbullying

When a tween or a teen uses the Internet, a smartphone, or other technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person, it is cyberbullying. 

• Sexual Bullying

Sexual bullying consists of repeated, harmful, and humiliating actions that target a person sexually. Examples include sexual name-calling, crude comments, vulgar gestures, uninvited touching, sexual propositioning, and pornographic materials. A bully might make a crude comment about a peer's appearance, attractiveness, sexual development, or sexual activity.

• Prejudicial Bullying

Prejudicial bullying is based on prejudices tweens and teens have toward people of different races, religions, or sexual orientation. This type of bullying can encompass all the other types of bullying. When prejudicial bullying occurs, kids are targeting others who are different from them and singling them out.

Other types of grouping on bullying behavior, namely:

 1. Direct physical contact (hitting, pushing, biting, grabbing, kicking, locking, someone in the room, pinching, scratching, also includes extorting and destroying belongings of other people);

 2. Direct verbal contact (threatening, humiliating, putting down, harassing, name-calling, sarcasm, insulting / mocking, cursing, spreading gossip);

 3. Direct non-verbal behavior (looking cynically, sticking out the tongue, displaying a facial expression that is disparaging, mocking, or threatening, usually accompanied by physical or verbal bullying);

 4. Indirect non-verbal behavior (silencing someone, manipulating friendship so that it cracks, deliberately isolating or ignoring, sending anonymous letters);

 5. Sexual harassment (sometimes categorized as physical or verbal aggression).

The factors that cause bullying include:

  1. Family

  Bullies come from troubled families: parents who frequently punish excessively, or home situations that are full of stress, aggression, and hostility.  Children will bully behavior when conflicts occur to their parents, and then imitate their friends.  If there is no strict sanction from the environment for his attempted behavior, he will learn that "those who have permission to behave aggressively, and that aggressive behavior can increase a person's status and power".  From here the child develops bullying behavior;  Children who grow up in troubled families or have extreme parenting styles, whether violent or weak, are also prone to being bullied because of their fragile mental state.

  2. School

  The school often ignores the existence of this bullying.  As a result, children as bullies will increase their strength in their behavior to bully other children.  The bullying that develops rapidly in the school environment often provides negative input to students, for example including non-constructive ones so as not to develop a sense of respect and respect for fellow school members;

  3. Peer Groups.

  Children, if A is in school and with friends around the house, are sometimes encouraged to bully.  Some children bully

  in an effort to prove that they belong to a particular group, even if they themselves feel uncomfortable with the behavior.

  4. Social environmental conditions

  Social environmental conditions can also be the cause of bullying behavior.  One of the social environmental factors that causes bullying is poverty.  Those who live in poverty will care about anything to make ends meet, so it is not surprising that the school environment often occurs bullying between students.

  The community environment can also be a trigger factor for someone to bully.  For example, the existence of a minority group in the community.  This can generally lead to verbal bullying in the form of labeling an individual or a certain minority group.

  5. Television and print media

  Television and print media form a pattern of bullying behavior in terms of what they display.  A survey conducted by compass, that 56.9% of children who determine the scene of the movies they watch, basically their motion pictures (64%) and words (43%).

The problems that victims of bullying are more likely to experience include:

 1. The emergence of various mental problems such as depression, anxiety and sleep problems. 

2. Complaints of physical health, such as headaches, abdominal pain and muscle tension.

 3. Feelings of insecurity in the school environment.

 2.

4. Decreased enthusiasm for learning and academic achievement

5. In rare enough cases, the victim of the bullying may show character violence.

Besides the negative effects, bullying can also encourage the emergence of various

Positive developments for victims of bullying.  Bullying victims tend to:

 1. Stronger and stronger in facing a problem.

 2. Motivated to show their potential so that they are no longer belittled.

 3. Driven to introspect.

 Not only victims of bullying, but the perpetrators of bullying can also be affected.  According to

 research shows that when they reach adulthood, bullies are more likely to:

 1. Behave in a rude / abusive manner

 2. Committing criminality

 3. Engaging in vandalism

 4. Abuse drugs and alcohol

 5. Engage in promiscuity

 60% of boys who bully their friends in elementary or junior high school have been found guilty at least once of a crime by the age of 24.  People who witness bullying (in this case children) can also be negatively affected by bullying.  Children who witness bullying may be more likely to:

 1. Feeling unsafe in the school environment

 2. Experiencing various mental problems, such as depression and anxiety

 3. Abusing drugs and alcohol.

The environment in which bullying is common can also be affected by bullying.

 The issue of bullying in the environment (eg school) may result in: 

1. The creation of a sense of insecurity in the school environment

 2. Ineffectiveness of teaching and learning activities

 3. Doubtful moral education in the school

Efforts that must be made to overcome bullying include prevention and management programs using social recovery (rehabilitation) interventions:

 A. Prevention

 Conducted comprehensively and in an integrated manner, starting from children, families, schools and communities.

 1. Prevention through children by empowering children so that:

 a.  Children are able to detect early on the possibility of bullying.

 b.  Children are able to fight back when bullying occurs

 c.  Children are able to provide assistance when they see bullying happening

 (intervene / reconcile, support friends by restoring their confidence, reporting to the school, parents and community leaders)

 2. Prevention through the family, by increasing family resilience and strengthening parenting styles, including:

 a.  Instill religious values ​​and teach love between people

 b.  Provide an environment full of affection from an early age with

 show how to interact between family members.

 c.  Build children's self-confidence, cultivate children's courage and assertiveness

 and develop children's abilities to socialize

 d.  Teaches ethics to others (fosters awareness and attitude

 respect), give a warning if the child makes a mistake

 e.  Assisting children in absorbing the main information from television media,

 the internet and other electronic media.

 3. Prevention through schools

 a.  Designing and designing a message prevention program

 to students that bully behavior is not accepted at school and creates

 anti bullying policy.

 b.  Build effective communication between teachers and students

 c.  Discussions and lectures on bullying at school

 d.  Creating a safe, comfortable and conducive school environment. 

 e.  Provide assistance to students who are victims of bullying.

 f.  Conduct regular meetings with parents or the school committee

 4. Prevention through the community by building community groups that care about child protection starting at the village / village level (Community-based Integrated Child Protection: PATBM).

 B. Treatment using social recovery (rehabilitation) interventions

 It is an intervention process that provides a clear picture to the bullying that bully behavior is behavior that cannot be allowed to prevail at school.  The recovery approach is carried out by reintegrating children who are victims of bullying and children who have committed aggressive acts (bullying) together with other children's communities into the school community so that they become children who are bullied.

 have endurance and become a member of the school community who obeys and adheres to the rules and values ​​that apply.  This social recovery approach program has the main values ​​of respect, consideration and participation.  The principles used are:

 1. Expect the best from others

 2. Responsible for behavior and respect feelings

 other people

 3. Responsible for what has been done 

 4. Care for othere

 Whether we realize it or not, bullying occurs a lot around us, whether in the family, school, work or community environment.  Seeing the impact of bullying in such a way, bullying around us needs to be watched out for and anticipated as early as possible so that the negative impact of bullying can be avoided.